General Information

This project is not owned by Carbon Reduction Institute | With strong and steady winds, the coastal area of western Turkey is ideally suited
to bene t from a truly clean and inexhaustible energy source. Yundtag wind farm
is located roughly 60 kilometers north of Izmir.

The turbines built here make full use of stronger winds at higher altitudes: the wind turbine is mounted 80 meters above the ground with rotors spanning 90 meters. The potential power output of each turbine is 2.5 MW. The installations feed almost 160,850,000 kilowatt hours of electricity into the regional grid annually. Based on 2007  gures, an average Turkish household consumed 2,000 kilowatt hours of electricity (compared to Germany:5,000-6,000 kilowatt hours).

The project is likely to supply more than 80,000 households with clean and sustainable electricity. Investment conditions for decentralized,
private-sector renewable energy initiatives continue to be challenging.

Despite a degree of liberalization, the electricity market is still highly regulated and dominated by public entities. Furthermore, key technological components have had
to be imported exposing the project to exchange rate fluctuations. Consequent-
ly, local banks were not willing to provide debt financing without further collate-
rals. Supported by stable and secure revenues from carbon finance, wind pow-
er has started to become a success story. Five years agoThe Australian Greenhouse Office has now been incorporated into the Department of Climate Change., the total installed wind
power capacity in the country was below the capacity of this particular project.

At current growth rates, Turkey could soon be amongst the top 10 wind power producers in the world. This project adheres to Gold StandardA certification standard for carbon offset projects. Initiated by WWF, SSN and Helio International, the Gold Standard for CDM projects was launched in 2003 after wide-ranging stakeholder consultation among key actors of the carbon market as well as governments. For more information see here. (GS). Validation against this standard ensures that the project meets all of CRI’s carbon credit standards; including financial additionality, environmental additionality, permanenceWith regard to offsets, permanence requires the generation of offsets to have actually occurred and the carbon stored or sequestered not to be released into the atmosphere in the future. Sequestration is generally regarded as permanent if it is maintained on a net basis for around 100 years. and assessment of leakageIn relation to carbon offsets, leakage is the direct or indirect increase in GHG emissions from a greenhouse gas reduction project, which is also measurable and attributable to the project.. This gives a promise to our clients that the greenhouse savings from these credits have occurred.

Price per tonne of CO2e [Q30] $32 (discounts to certified members may apply)	Project Type(s) [Q32] - Wind

[Q32a]- Yes, our operations aim to embrace private landholders in select regions

Quality

[Q38]- Gold Standard VERsVerified Emission Reductions or Voluntary Emissions Reductions are tradable credits for greenhouse emission reduction activities generated to meet voluntary demand for carbon credits by organisations and individuals wanting to offset their own emissions. VERs can be generated from projects to which a range of circumstances might apply, including:
- are either based in a country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. USA) or does not have the infrastructure to support CDM project development;
- have not yet been registered under the CDM;
- fall outside the scope of the CDM;
- are too small to warrant the costs of CDM approval;
- are specifically developed for the voluntary market.
[Q40]

- This project has been validated by SGS (approved Designated Operational Entity) and verified by Bureau Veritas (approved Designated Operational Entity)

[Q41]

- Yes, NCOSThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset StandardThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™ program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™The Greenhouse Friendly™ initiative operated between 2001 and 30 June 2010. It certified carbon neutral products and services and approved abatement credits for sale on the voluntary market. Applications for new abatement projects have closed. These were not considered eligible offsets under NCOS and could not be retired for the purpose of becoming carbon neutral under the NCOS from 1 July 2010. This situation may change in future as a result of reviews of the NCOS by DCCEE. program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutralA voluntary mechanism where an activity, event, household, business or organisation is responsible for no net emissions of greenhouse gases and can therefore be declared carbon neutral in that specific area. Carbon neutrality can be achieved by reducing emissions as far as possible (e.g. energy efficiency, purchasing renewable energy) and then purchasing offsets for any residual emissions in order to achieve zero net emissions. products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information eligible offsetA carbon offset is an investment in a project or activity that reduces greenhouse gas (GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto Protocol lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), PFCs (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).) emissions or sequesters carbon from the atmosphere that is used to compensate for GHG emissions from your own activities. For more information see here. units

General Information

This project is not owned by Carbon Reduction Institute | There are an estimated four to six million anti-personnel landmines scattered in  rural areas; remnants of the country’s war torn past. According to the Cambodian Red Cross, over 200 people are killed or maimed by landmine explosions every year. The burning of the fuel itself brings with it further health risks. The smoke generated by traditional wood fuel can have  severe health impacts, prompting high incidences of eye infections and respiratory  diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, and emphysema among both women and 
children. 
 
With a growing population likely to lead to accelerated deforestation and  corresponding habitat destruction and species loss, this energy efficiency project offers a means of 
reducing domestic energy demands.

By replacing traditional stoves with more efficient versions, the use of fuel  is  considerably reduced. The improved efficiency of these stoves also reduces the burden placed upon women and children to collect wood.  
 
As a result, the risk of exposure to landmines is lowered and time is freed up for 
more critical development activities, such as education. 

Furthermore, the reduction of hazardous wood smoke resulting from decreased fuel use  greatly reduces indoor air pollution. These stoves also contribute to the region economically by creating jobs through the manufacturing, distribution and  sale of  the product and by facilitating 
the creation of commercial networks and enabling the transfer of a more energy efficient technology. Without such projects, deforestation and the related environmental  degradation would continue at an unsustainable rate. 
 
This project adheres to Verified Carbon Standard (VCSThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here.). Validation against this standard ensures that the project meets all of CRI’s carbon credit standards; including financial additionality, environmental additionality, permanenceWith regard to offsets, permanence requires the generation of offsets to have actually occurred and the carbon stored or sequestered not to be released into the atmosphere in the future. Sequestration is generally regarded as permanent if it is maintained on a net basis for around 100 years. and assessment of leakageIn relation to carbon offsets, leakage is the direct or indirect increase in GHG emissions from a greenhouse gas reduction project, which is also measurable and attributable to the project.. This gives a promise to our clients that the greenhouse savings from these credits have occurred.

Price per tonne of CO2e [Q30] $18 NoCO2 Certified Members Discount may apply	Project Type(s) [Q32] - Energy EfficiencyEnergy efficiency improvements refer to a reduction in the energy used for a given service (heating, lighting, etc.) or level of activity. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technologically more advanced equipment to produce the same level of end-use services (e.g. lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity.

[Q32a]- Yes, our operations aim to embrace private landholders in select regions

Quality

[Q38]- Verified Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here. VCUs
[Q40]

- Verified and Validated by Det Norske Veritas (approved Designated Operational Entity)

[Q41]

- Yes, NCOSThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset StandardThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™ program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™The Greenhouse Friendly™ initiative operated between 2001 and 30 June 2010. It certified carbon neutral products and services and approved abatement credits for sale on the voluntary market. Applications for new abatement projects have closed. These were not considered eligible offsets under NCOS and could not be retired for the purpose of becoming carbon neutral under the NCOS from 1 July 2010. This situation may change in future as a result of reviews of the NCOS by DCCEE. program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutralA voluntary mechanism where an activity, event, household, business or organisation is responsible for no net emissions of greenhouse gases and can therefore be declared carbon neutral in that specific area. Carbon neutrality can be achieved by reducing emissions as far as possible (e.g. energy efficiency, purchasing renewable energy) and then purchasing offsets for any residual emissions in order to achieve zero net emissions. products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information eligible offsetA carbon offset is an investment in a project or activity that reduces greenhouse gas (GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto Protocol lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), PFCs (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).) emissions or sequesters carbon from the atmosphere that is used to compensate for GHG emissions from your own activities. For more information see here. units

General Information

This project is not owned by Carbon Reduction Institute | The project activity is located in the Milenium ceramic manufacturing site that produces structural ceramic devices like bricks and roofs for the local market in the States of Tocatins.

The fuel employed to generate thermal energy for the ceramic production was the native wood from Cerrado, one of the world’s most biologically rich savannas. Around 85% of the great plateau which occupies Central Brazil was originally dominated by the “Cerrado” landscape. Urban expansion pressures and the rapid establishment of agricultural and industrial activities in the region are having severe impacts on the extent and the biodiversity of this valuable ecosystem. Most of the area is unprotected and has no requirements for afforestationThe direct human-induced conversion of land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50 years to forested land through planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed. activities.

The project activity stops the use of native wood and utilizes rice husk instead to feed the kilns. In the absence of the project activity, the biomassBiomass is non-fossilized and organic biodegradable material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as Biofuels, but it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel. residues arriving from the rice mills in the vicinity was left for decay in open dumps, leading to considerable methaneMethane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas with a GWP of 21. emissions.

This project allows introducing a more sustainable practice in the ceramic producing
industry. Besides the considerable greenhouse gas emission reductions from the project activity, it also contributes to the sustainable development of the project region by: Increasing job opportunities in the project region; Diversifying sources of thermal energy generation; Using clean and efficient technologies and preserving natural resources; Developing a clean technology for thermal energy generation and more efficient utilization of biomass residues as fuel; Increasing the use of waste and preventing the appearance of new non-controlled sites for waste disposal; and; Contributing to the conservation of the Cerrado biome and reducing deforestation.

This project adheres to Verified Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here.. Validation against this standard ensures that the project meets all of CRI’s carbon credit standards; including financial additionality, environmental additionality, permanenceWith regard to offsets, permanence requires the generation of offsets to have actually occurred and the carbon stored or sequestered not to be released into the atmosphere in the future. Sequestration is generally regarded as permanent if it is maintained on a net basis for around 100 years. and assessment of leakageIn relation to carbon offsets, leakage is the direct or indirect increase in GHG emissions from a greenhouse gas reduction project, which is also measurable and attributable to the project.. This gives a promise to our clients that the greenhouse savings from these credits have occurred. 

Price per tonne of CO2e [Q30] $18 NoCO2 Certified Members Discount may apply	Project Type(s) [Q32] - BiomassBiomass is non-fossilized and organic biodegradable material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as Biofuels, but it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel.

[Q32a]- Yes, our operations aim to embrace private landholders in select regions

Quality

[Q38]- Verified Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here. VCUs
[Q40]

- This project was verified and validated by Tuev Nord Cert GmbH

[Q41]

- Yes, NCOSThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset StandardThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™ program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™The Greenhouse Friendly™ initiative operated between 2001 and 30 June 2010. It certified carbon neutral products and services and approved abatement credits for sale on the voluntary market. Applications for new abatement projects have closed. These were not considered eligible offsets under NCOS and could not be retired for the purpose of becoming carbon neutral under the NCOS from 1 July 2010. This situation may change in future as a result of reviews of the NCOS by DCCEE. program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutralA voluntary mechanism where an activity, event, household, business or organisation is responsible for no net emissions of greenhouse gases and can therefore be declared carbon neutral in that specific area. Carbon neutrality can be achieved by reducing emissions as far as possible (e.g. energy efficiency, purchasing renewable energy) and then purchasing offsets for any residual emissions in order to achieve zero net emissions. products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information eligible offsetA carbon offset is an investment in a project or activity that reduces greenhouse gas (GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto Protocol lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), PFCs (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).) emissions or sequesters carbon from the atmosphere that is used to compensate for GHG emissions from your own activities. For more information see here. units

General Information

This project is not owned by Carbon Reduction Institute | The paper and pulp plant of Hanuman Agro Industries used to fire coal to meet the on-site steam demand. Electricity had to be imported from the grid, of which the generation was dependent on coal feedstock.

Supported by carbon offset revenues, the plant owners decided to replace these installations with a 2.5 MW 
co-generation unit. The new equipment is fired with biomass  and supplies all electricity and steam required for the plant’s production 
processes. 
 
This project adheres to the Verified Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here.. Validation against this standard ensures that the project meets all of CRI’s carbon credit standards; including financial additionality, environmental additionality, permanenceWith regard to offsets, permanence requires the generation of offsets to have actually occurred and the carbon stored or sequestered not to be released into the atmosphere in the future. Sequestration is generally regarded as permanent if it is maintained on a net basis for around 100 years. and assessment of leakageIn relation to carbon offsets, leakage is the direct or indirect increase in GHG emissions from a greenhouse gas reduction project, which is also measurable and attributable to the project.. This gives a promise to our clients that the greenhouse savings from these credits have occurred.

Price per tonne of CO2e [Q30] $18 NoCO2 Certified Member Discounts apply

Project Type(s) [Q32] - BiomassBiomass is non-fossilized and organic biodegradable material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Most commonly, biomass refers to plant matter grown for use as Biofuels, but it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel. - Energy EfficiencyEnergy efficiency improvements refer to a reduction in the energy used for a given service (heating, lighting, etc.) or level of activity. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technologically more advanced equipment to produce the same level of end-use services (e.g. lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity.

[Q32a]- Yes, our operations aim to embrace private landholders in select regions

Quality

[Q38]- Verified Carbon StandardThe VCS Program includes the standard (VCS 2007) and the Program Guidelines 2007. The VCS Program provides a global standard and criteria for validating, measuring, and monitoring voluntary carbon offset projects. For more information, see here. VCUs
[Q40]

- This project was verified and validated by SGS (approved Designated Operational Entity)

[Q41]

- Yes, NCOSThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset StandardThe Commonwealth Government’s National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™ program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutral products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information (NCOS) came into effect on 1 July 2010 coinciding with the cessation of the Government’s Greenhouse Friendly™The Greenhouse Friendly™ initiative operated between 2001 and 30 June 2010. It certified carbon neutral products and services and approved abatement credits for sale on the voluntary market. Applications for new abatement projects have closed. These were not considered eligible offsets under NCOS and could not be retired for the purpose of becoming carbon neutral under the NCOS from 1 July 2010. This situation may change in future as a result of reviews of the NCOS by DCCEE. program. It is intended to ensure that consumers have confidence in the voluntary carbon offset market and the integrity of the carbon offset and carbon neutralA voluntary mechanism where an activity, event, household, business or organisation is responsible for no net emissions of greenhouse gases and can therefore be declared carbon neutral in that specific area. Carbon neutrality can be achieved by reducing emissions as far as possible (e.g. energy efficiency, purchasing renewable energy) and then purchasing offsets for any residual emissions in order to achieve zero net emissions. products they purchase. It provides guidance to businesses who wish to make their organisation carbon neutral or develop carbon neutral products in a way that achieves emissions reductions, through the purchase and cancellation of eligible carbon offsets. More Information eligible offsetA carbon offset is an investment in a project or activity that reduces greenhouse gas (GHGGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto Protocol lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), PFCs (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).) emissions or sequesters carbon from the atmosphere that is used to compensate for GHG emissions from your own activities. For more information see here. units