"No single abatementA reduction in the amount or intensity of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of actions taken by a company or individual., technological solution, or alternate energy optionIn finance, an option is a contract between a buyer and a seller that gives the buyer the right—but not the obligation—to buy or to sell offsets at a later day at an agreed price. In return for granting the option, the seller collects a payment from the buyer. A call optionA call option is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of an abatement option. It is the option to buy abatement at a specified time in the future. The buyer of the option has the right, but not the obligation to buy an agreed quantity of abatement from the seller of the option at a certain time for a certain price (the strike price). The seller (or "writer") is obligated to sell the commodity (e.g. carbon offsets). The buyer pays a fee (called a premium) for this right. gives the buyer the right to buy the offset / credit; a put optionA put option gives the buyer of the option the right, established through a contract to sell the offset / credit. For put options, the abatement is sold at the strike price. gives the buyer of the option the right to sell the offset / credit. will be "the magic bullet" that, in isolation, dramatically reduces the global emissions profile. Instead, a wide range of options need to be aggressively pursued including energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency improvements refer to a reduction in the energy used for a given service (heating, lighting, etc.) or level of activity. Such savings are generally achieved by substituting technologically more advanced equipment to produce the same level of end-use services (e.g. lighting, heating, motor drive) with less electricity. initiatives, reducing energy consumption, generating energy from renewable sources and capturing greenhouse gasesGreenhouse Gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. The Kyoto ProtocolAn international agreement linked to the UNFCCC and sharing its aim of stabilising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, but requiring separate ratification by governments. The Kyoto Protocol, among other things, sets binding targets for the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialized countries. It entered into force for ratifying countries in February 2006 and commits developed nations to collectively cut their greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 per cent of 1990 levels by 2012. Came into force in Australia on 11 March 2008. lists six major greenhouse gases, which vary in their relative warming effect. The six gases are: carbon dioxideA greenhouse gas that is produced as a by-product of oil and gas production, burning fossil fuels and biomass, as well as from all animals, plants, and a number of other natural sources. Carbon dioxide is the principal anthropogenic greenhouse gas that affects the earth’s temperature. (CO2), methane (CH4Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas with a GWP of 21. ), nitrous oxideAgriculture accounts for the majority of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Australia, The transport sector also contributes to emissions of N2O. N2O has a high global warming potential of about 310 times that of CO2.it breaks down very slowly – over about 120 years (N2O), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbonsMajor releases of HFCs are from leakage from refrigeration equipment during operation and its end-of-life destruction. Minor releases arise from the use of HFC-containing aerosols, air conditioners and metered dose inhalers.HFCs have very high global warming potentials (140 to 11,700 times that of carbon dioxide).), PFCsMost emissions of PFCs in Australia are generated during aluminium production. PFCs have extremely high global warming potentials (5000 to 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide). However, because they are only released in relatively small amounts, their contribution to global warming is minor. Due to their stability they have very long atmospheric lifetimes (thousands of years). (perfluorocarbons) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is a man-made chemical. The major sources of SF6 release include leakage from electrical switchgear, from magnesium smelting processes and use in semiconductor manufacture. It has by far the highest global warming potential (23,900 times that of carbon dioxide), however it is only released in relatively small amounts.).. Offsets generate investment into these areas, improve their commercial viability, provide a mechanism for immediate action, promote awareness of climate change issues and achieve significant greenhouse gas reductions. "